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You don't have to bother about repairing disk permissions in latest versions of Mac OS X. But, if you are running an earlier OS X on your Mac then, you should solve disk and file system problems on your own.
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1 Month ago I downloaded the update 'Mountain Lion'. About 2 weeks ago I removed some of the OS X Mountain Lion System files (Twitter, Facebook, etc) After I deleted some of the system files, if I quit Notes, Contacts and other apps they freeze. I have also noticed other issues with the Mac.
But, definitely this is not going to be a tougher job since, Mac OS X has a range of tools starting from First Aid to 'fsck' for fixing the disk, partition, and file system issues.
So, in this editorial, I have explained how to repair disk and file system problems on your Mac in simple ways.
- Launch Mac in Safe Mode
The simplest way to fix disk and file system errors on your Mac is to boot the machine in Safe Mode. Safe Mode/Safe Boot encloses an automatic startup check and repair mechanism. Thus, your several problems will get resolved when a Mac is booted in Safe Mode.
To boot your Mac into Safe Mode,
- Restart the Machine and hold Shift key (during Mac boot)
- Sign in with essential password and Mac starts to check the disks
- This login process takes more time compared to the normal boot action, so take a break
- If you are logged in and can see the desktop, then it says the check is done
- Now, you can reboot your Macintosh as usual
- Try First Aid
Mac Disk Utility consists a First Aid option. This First Aid performs a disk health check on your Mac system. Apple updated this feature (interface) in El Capitan yet it's working mechanism remained same.
So, how to use First Aid to repair disk and file system problems on Mac?
Step 1: Hit Command and Space keys together to open Spotlight.
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Step 2: Type Disk Utility and click on Enter button.
Step 3: In the Disk Utility wizard, choose the disk or volume you want to check.
Step 4: Click on First Aid button.
Step 5: Choose Run option to check the selected disk for errors.
Step 6: If Disk Utility finds any error, it shows a list of found issues. You can use Show Details option to view detailed information about the error that came up.
Step 7: Next, Disk Utility will ask your permission to automatically fix the found issues. Proceed and fix them.
If you see messages like 'Storage system check exit code is 0' and 'Filesystem check exit code is 0' then it indicates, no errors are found (code '0' is a good sign).
- Try First Aid in Recovery Mode
In some cases, Mac fails to find and repair disk or file system issues when you boot it into Safe Mode. This is due to the 'live mode'. The check runs in live mode, examines the disk meanwhile the OS X is running from it. Thus, the check cannot make changes to the system drive.
So, the solution now is to boot the Mac in Recovery Mode and then try First Aid, using Disk Utility in the same way as mentioned above.
To boot Mac in Recovery Mode,
- Hold Command and R keys while your Mac is booting
- Release the keys when you see a progress bar
- This loads your Mac directly in Recovery Mode
If you can't reach Recovery Mode then, reboot the Mac again and repeat the same steps.
Once you entered into Recovery Mode, run Fist Aid using the second method.
- Try fsck in Single-User Mode
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You need to boot the Mac into single-user mode and try the fsck (file system check) command if First Aid in Recovery Mode (or any other technique) won't help you to fix the problems.
To run fsck command in Single-User Mode,
- Restart your Mac and press Command + S (when it's booting) buttons to reach Single-User Mode.
- Type /sbin/fsck –fy and hit Enter key to run file system check
- Wait for some time
After the check, you will see either '** The X (volume name) appears to be OK' or '***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****' message.
- If you see 'FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED' message then it indicates, fsck found and fixed problems
- Run fsck until you see 'the volume appears to be OK' message twice
- Finally, type Reboot and press Enter
- The Mac reboots and gives you the typical login screen.
Ele-man mac os. In case, if you fail to repair disk and file system problems on your Mac via any of the above techniques and the Mac machine is failing to function normally then it seems your disk is nearby to the deadline.
Therefore, hurry up. Backup entire data from your drive onto a safe external device. If you cannot backup your files, then try Yodot Mac Data Recovery. The tool can effortlessly restore files from MacBook Pro, MacBook Air, etc. and 100% compatible with all versions of Mac OS X. Never lose your precious data due to any issue that made your Mac fail. You cannot recreate them, once they are gone!
Each operating system could crash at one time or another. While it's safe to say that macOS is more stable than Windows, it can still be affected by issues that prevent your computer from booting up. In such cases, you might need to boot your Mac from a USB flash drive to fix the problem. This article shows you two ways to boot Mac from external USB stick, as well as some troubleshooting tips in case Mac won't boot from the target USB.
Boot Mac from USB Option l: Startup Manager
If your Mac won't boot up normally, you can set it to boot from a different drive, such as a USB stick containing macOS installation files in bootable format. The drive will have to contain a version of the OS that is compatible with the Mac. As long as you have the bootable installation USB, you can start your Mac from the USB by accessing the Startup Manager. Here are the steps to be followed:
Step 1: Insert the bootable USB into Mac and power it on.
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Step 2: As soon as the startup process begins, hold down the Option (alt) key and keep it depressed until you see the Startup Manager on your screen. If there is a firmware password on your Mac, hold down the Option key until you're asked to enter that password.
Step 3: You will now see the various startup disk options, and your USB will be listed there. If you click on the Up arrow right below the icon for the USB, the computer will only startup once using this disk. If you press and hold down the Control key while making your selection, it will be saved, and your computer will boot from the USB every time, as long as it is left in the computer.
At this point, you can also use the Mac installation disk to boot your Mac from. It will appear as EFI Boot, and it works on all computers running macOS 10.9 or higher.
Boot Mac from USB Option 2: macOS Recovery Mode
As an alternative, you can start your Mac in Recovery Mode. This will allow the system to automatically detect and repair directory issues. Recovery Mode will only allow required kernel extensions to load, preventing login items and startup items to load automatically. It can also help you isolate the issue depending on whether or not the issue goes away in Recovery Mode. If the issues you have during normal startup don't show up in Recovery Mode, they are most likely fixed. That means you can reboot normally and your system should be back to normal.
Step 1: Start your Mac and hold down the Shift key. You will see the Apple logo on your screen.
Step 2: When you see the login screen, you can release the Shift key and login to your Mac.
Step 3: To check whether your Mac has booted into Recovery Mode, click on the Apple logo on the top left and then on About this Mac. In the window that opens, click on System Report… You should be able to see this:
How to Fix Mac Won't Boot from USB Drive
Sometimes Mac won't boot from USB as expected. If you are unable to select a different startup disk, it's possible that your disk is not showing up in Startup Manager. If you try Method 1 above but don't see your USB drive listed there, it could mean one of the following problems:
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Compatibility: It is possible that the version of macOS or Mac OS X that you have on the USB drive is not compatible with the hardware. That means you won't be able to see it in the Startup Manager so, of course, you won't be able to boot from it. In such cases, you may need to burn a compatible macOS version on USB drive in order to be able to boot Mac from it.
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Startup Security Utility: In certain cases where your Mac has the Apple T2 Security Chip (2018 and later devices), it may be your Startup Security Utility settings that are preventing you from booting from USB. In this situation, restart your Mac and hold down the Command + R keys when you see the Apple logo. This will put your Mac into Recovery mode. In macOS Utilities, go to Utilities >Startup Security Utility and sign in as admin. Under External Boot, select the second option - Allow Booting from External Media.
Option ROM Firmware: Another known issue is that Option ROM firmware will not load in Startup Manager until you press certain keys manually. To do this, use Method 1 to access Startup Manager. Once you are there, press Option-Shift-Command-Period. You should now be able to see the USB drive. This is not exactly a problem as much as a feature. If the USB contains Option ROM firmware, you will need to press those keys everytime to boot from your pen drive.
These two methods and the troubleshooting tips should allow you to boot from USB or in Recovery Mode so you can then isolate the problem that's preventing your Mac from booting up normally.